As the paradigm shifts towards containerized applications, K8s has emerged as the leading platform for orchestrating these applications at scale. Among various architectural elements in K8s, Pods are the smallest deployable units. An understanding of how network communication occurs between these entities is key to grasping the overall K8s architecture…

K8s Troubleshooting handbook — Note, full K8s troubleshooting mind map is available at: “K8s Troubleshooting MindMap” What is “0 Out of X Replicas Created” Error In K8s, if you encounter an error message like “0 out of X replicas created”, it means the ReplicaSet has been unable to create the desired number of Pod replicas. Instead of having the expected number (X) of…

What is the ln command? The ln command is a standard utility on Unix-like operating systems used to create links between files. It supports creating both "hard links" and "symbolic (or soft) links", providing flexibility in file management and organization. There are two main types of links: hard links and symbolic (or soft) links. A…

What is enum Module Enums, short for “enumerations,” are a programming construct that allows you to define a set of named values, creating a more expressive and maintainable codebase. The enum module in Python provides a dedicated and elegant way to work with enumerations, making your code clearer, more self-documenting, and less prone to…

Flask, as a microframework, offers the flexibility to choose the data source for applications, as well as extensive library support for interacting with various data sources. It provides libraries for both SQL and NoSQL based databases. Moreover, Flask offers the choice to interact with databases using raw database libraries or…

Flask, a Python microframework, boasts a BSD license and is built upon Werkzeug and Jinja2. Despite being a microframework, it offers extensive functionality and is highly extensible, providing developers with the freedom to choose their preferred configurations. This design makes Flask an easy-to-use tool for crafting applications or plugins. Originally…

LangChain, a cutting-edge application development framework driven by expansive models, emerged nearly in tandem with ChatGPT. As developers, we now have the capability to leverage the immense potential of these large models and the user-friendliness of LangChain to craft innovative intelligent apps. …

K8s Troubleshooting handbook — Note, full K8s troubleshooting mind map is available at: “K8s Troubleshooting MindMap” What is “Pending Pods” Error? In K8s, when a pod is in a “Pending” state, it means that the pod hasn’t been successfully scheduled and started on a worker node. There can be various reasons why a pod remains in this state, and…

What is a K8s Job, and how does it differ from a regular Pod? A K8s Job is a specialized controller designed to manage and track tasks that run to completion. Unlike other K8s controllers, which manage desired state configurations like ensuring a certain number of replicas are maintained, a Job is specifically focused on tasks that run and finish, like batch processing or…